Easy and Common German Adjectives to Remember

Beginning German learners usually learn basic common adjectives first, such as gut (good), schlecht (bad), schà ¶n (pretty), hà ¤sslich (ugly), neu (new), alt (old). But your knowledge of German adjectives could grow exponentially without much mental effort, if you used what you already know with some slight modications. Being aware of the following will help you learn a whole array of easy German adjectives. Cognate Adjectives:The German language has a surprising large amount of cognate adjectives in English. They differ mostly by their suffixes. There are only slight differences between these adjectives in the two languages. Even if you dont remember these differences when speaking, the adjectives resemble one another so much, that a German speaker would understand what you are trying to say :(dont forget to switch the c to a k when writing them!) English adjectives ending in -al - same in GermanFor Example: diagonal, emotional, ideal, normal, national, original English adjectives ending in -ant - same For Example: tolerant, interessant, elegant English adjectives ending in -ent - sameFor Example: excellent, intelligent, kompetent English adjectives ending in -al - -ell ending in GermanFor Example: generell, individuell, offiziel, sensationell English Adjective ending in -ic or-,ical - isch For Example: allergisch, analytisch, egoistisch, musikalisch English adjective ending in -ve - -iv For Example:aktiv, intensiv, kreativ, passiv English adjective endings in -y, -ly, or -ally - -lich or -ig For Example: freundlich, hungrig, persà ¶nlich, sportlich Using Present and Past Participles as Adjectives:Though you need to know how to form participles to begin with, these are easily mastered. (See Participles) Basically one changes a present or past participle into an adjective simply by adding the appropriate case ending.For Example:The present participle of schlafen is schlafend.Das schlafende Kind - The sleeping child. (See Present Participle)The past participle of kochen is gekocht.Ein gekochtes Ei - The cooked egg. (See Past Participle) Adjective Combinations:These types of adjectives give a nice punch to conversation and serve to further itensify and emphasize what you are trying to say. (Just make sure to not overuse them.) The easiest ones to remember are the ones that are a literal translation from English. There are several of them and are mostly adjective combinations with colors and some with animals:Color adjectives with ... dunkel (dark), hell (light) and blass (pale)etc.For Example: dunkelblau (dark blue), hellbraun (light brown), blassgelb (pale yellow)same-colored objectsFor Example: schneeweiß (snowwhite) rabenschwarz (ravenblack), blutrot (bloodred)Animal Adjective Combinations:Some of these are not at all expressed in English in the same way, nevertheless the visual picture associated with these adjectives make them easy to remember.aalglatt - to be smooth like an eelbà ¤renstark - to be strong like a bearbienenfleissig - to be busy like a beemausarm - to be as poor as a mousehundemà ¼de - to be dog-tiredpudelnass - to be wet like a poodlewieselflink - to be as swift as a weasel

Personal Statement On Social Media - 1502 Words

After close analyzation of my five selfies, I have established the three words that most describe my selfies are shared, joyful, and close. Two of these words accurately describe my identity, one does not. I don’t like to be the center of attention and my selfie reflects this because they all are sharing the focus with someone or something else, therefore one of my words is shared. I am a joyful person and my selfie shows this because they are all at a place that makes me feel joy or with someone or something that brings me joy. The only word that doesn’t describe my identity is close because I don’t like to be the main point of focus. The reason for the selfies being a close-up of me though, is because I took the pictures without the†¦show more content†¦You can also see the window but not what’s outside because there is a white glare on it. The plum-red color of her dress is a very strong noticeable color that stands out. Red is a color that of ten evokes a powerful emotion of passion. My tuxedo is the color black which is a very powerful color that can portray one of class and wealth. The color white in the picture is the color of my dress shirt and is also the color of the glare that shows through the window. White is associated with being clean, pure, and peaceful. When first viewing this selfie without analyzing it, there are some judgments that could be made. Some of these judgments could be that we are each other’s dates for something. That one of us is driving. We are in one of our cars. We are on our way to or coming back from some type of formal gathering. This gathering is fancy or formal attire. We are having a good time. After suspending judgments, we can move on to defining significant parts of the selfie and how they are related. What I find most interesting in this selfie is that we are both dressed in formal attire, her in a dress and myself in a tuxedo. What I find most strange about this selfie is that I am covering half of my girlfriend in the picture with myself. What I find most revealing is that I have put myself as the focus point in the selfie. What these details might lead the viewer to conclude about the rhetoric of the picture is that we are trying to indicateShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Social Media896 W ords   |  4 PagesSocial media is an excellent online source to broadcast our personal achievements to accomplish our goals.It’s a great way to develop personal identity,establish a reputation and stand out in our professional field. Creating a personal brand or image is a long term vision and it takes several steps to achieve the personal vision. My field of specialization is the corporate video production and in my creative field people often want to deal with a person. I have been told by managers of big companiesRead MorePersonal Statement : Social Media Assistant804 Words   |  4 PagesProblem Introduction into the Issue As I stated, I started as a social media assistant. The person that was over seeing me at the time was the Executive producer/ head of social media, I will not state her name in this case, because of her involvement in the following issue. One of the issues that occurred is the content that was uploaded to the social media page. As the social media assistant I was looking through the internet for articles or related posts that can be shared, my manager wantedRead MorePersonal Statement For Employee Use Of Social Media1072 Words   |  5 Pages Social Media Policy Lawana Robinson Student ID #2039499 BA118- Case Study Final POLICY: This policy provides guidance for employee use of social media, which should be broadly understood for purposes of this policy to include blogs, wikis, microblogs, message boards, chat rooms, electronic newsletters, online forums, social networking sites, and other sites and servicesRead MoreProfessionalism, Ethics And Integrity Of The Bartholomew Police Department Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesintended purpose and are restricted to using department electronic messaging systems for official business only. II. Purpose The purpose of this policy is to establish departmental rules and regulations concerning the utilization of social networking sites, personal web pages or other internet sites when referencing the Bartholomew Police Department. Furthermore, it is to ensure that employees use appropriate discretion use of references to the Bartholomew Police Department, in order not to discreditRead Moreexample of informative speech outline Essay examples899 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ EXAMPLE OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Informative Outline Topic: Impact of Media in the Society and Individual General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience the negative impact of social media in the society and to the individual. Thesis: Social media websites are some of the most popular haunts on the Internet. They have revolutionized the way people communicate and socialize on the Web. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Today, just aboutRead MorePersonal Branding1567 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Branding is already conflicting with Company Branding outside the work place. A middle school teacher was suspended with pay for making remarks about her students on Face Book (Norwalk, 2010). A woman was fired after criticizing her boss on face book (â€Å"Fired over Facebook,† 2011). A young man was rejected for a position at Cisco because he tweeted that he had to weigh the fat paycheck against the drive and work (Popkin, 2009). These examples go on and on. Entire sites have been dedicatedRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On The Workplace1225 Words   |  5 Pages Social Media Posts Can Be a Threat to the Career People from almost all age groups, especially the teenagers and adults prefer to socialize through various social media websites for networking and this trend has been increased since the last decade with a wider internet utility. Though the social media websites are not less than any golden opportunity for online marketing in business, however, many cases have been reported for the job dismissals due to the controversial personal posts to the socialRead MoreOnline Activities And Social Media1325 Words   |  6 Pagesusers and sell it to advertisers. Advertisers then begin targeting social media users who match their profiles with online ads. As a user of social media, I often do online research on a particular topic or item I’m looking to buy to compare features and learn more about it. The next time I check my yahoo mail account, the side banner advertisements have all the items that I’ve recently searched online. It’s creepy. Social media users seem to have a false sense of privacy because it feels somewhatRead MoreWhy Facebook Is The World s Most Influential Source Of News1637 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyse how the composer of this text uses persuasive language and form (WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?) to argue a perspective on the role of Facebook in presenting news. Use evidence form the text to support your answer Facebook is a worldwide acknowledged social media service, that because of its sheer size, it possesses the ultimate power to influence and potentially morph its user’s perspectives, by simply exposing them to biased articles, headlines and even messages, motivating them to act on what they areRead MoreIn Order To Measure The Legal Realm Of Social Media, It1616 Words   |  7 Pages In order to measure the legal realm of social media, it is first important to understand the amendment that covers the freedom of speech: The First Amendment. The First Amendment specifically states in the United States Constitution, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances

Business Entrepreneurs - 896 Words

The entrepreneur is the pioneer, the managers the applier of existing best practices. The entrepreneur engages in strategic activity, the managers need to focus on tactical or operational activity. The entrepreneur formulates a strategy, the manager implements that strategy. Business success will depend on the continuing renewal and application of the entrepreneurial spirits. Business success depends on the application and an efficient management team. The attrition rate of any new business is extremely high. In the US, the supporter of the entrepreneurial spirit, numerous new enterprises will fail each year. However in a long-term historical perspective, business success is short-lived. Only a handful of the largest companies with break†¦show more content†¦Companies may however, choose a stability strategy because the entrepreneur is mostly generating employment for family members. Providing the family a decent living†, and being the boss of a firm small enough that he or she can manage it comfortably. Finally some business owners dont pursue a growth strategy because they do not want the loss of control that results from bank debt or the sale of stock to outsiders. Question 12 What are advantages and disadvantages of privatization of state- owned business? The privatization of state-owned business enterprises is likely to continue globally for most of these enterprises must expand internationally in order to survive in the increasingly global environment. They cannot compete successfully if they are forced to follow inefficient. Policies and regulations emphasizing employment over efficiency rather than economically oriented, international practices will emphasize efficiency over employment. The global trend to privatization will probably continue until each country reaches the point where the efficiency of business is counter by the effectiveness of the not-for-profit of economy. However as political motives overcome economic ones, government will likely interfere with that decision. Some of the advantages of taking a company from state-owned to a private company are that it will force the company to operate efficiently without state subsidies. If you do not do so you will go out of business. You will beShow MoreRelatedAn Entrepreneur And Develop A Successful Business Essay1983 Words   |  8 PagesWould you like to become an entrepreneur and develop a successful business? The following will provide information on how to do this in the ever-changing marketplace of the 21st century. Developing business ideas are easy, however actually developing a successful business in the 21st Century is known to be more difficult. Therefore, the 21st-century entrepreneur requires great skills, qualities, and attributes. â€Å"In a small business, you can be both the entrepreneur and the manager while you areRead MoreWhy Entrepreneurs Start Their Own Business1676 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping society. The term ‘entrepreneur’ is becoming increasingly common amongst individuals in society. Living in a constantly developing world, with rapid technological, environmental and social changes that effect the way we live means the modern man is constantly seeking new and innovative ways to adapt to these changes. During this research paper I will discuss my findings of what the motivations are of an entrepreneur to start a business. Having interviewed an entrepreneur, I got a sense of howRead MoreEntrepreneurs Personality for Being Successful in Business3102 Words   |  13 PagesEntrepreneurs Personality for Being Successful in Business Miss. Sarita Ghanshyam Tiwari, (M.Com. M. Phil.) e-mail: tiwari_sarita@rediffmail.com Abstract Business success may causes due to many factors, but the greatest determinant of the business success is the entrepreneur himself / herself. Therefore, the question of what makes a successful entrepreneur is very important. There have been many answers to this question. Some people think entrepreneurs are born, othersRead MoreThe Challenges Of A Entrepreneur And Start A Business885 Words   |  4 PagesAn entrepreneur is a natural born individual that can emerge and flourish anywhere, even in the smallest country in the World such as Monaco. All it takes is an idea and a dream to turn it into an opportunity. Entrepreneurs are not only limited to carry out a businesses at a domestic level, but also international. Entrepreneurs are dynamic individuals that have the initiative to take risks and start up a business, have the vision and objectives, and are the future of the economy. I have interviewedRead MoreMy Business : An Entrepreneur1641 Words   |  7 PagesMy business concerns In order to flourish a new business an entrepreneur has to face various hurdles. He has to maintain different aspects of his business that he is running. The entrepreneur starts to launch a business on hope that the business will flourish in a few days or in months. But the situation is entirely different. We have to first tackle different issues before starting a business. The following are the situations that an entrepreneur has to face. 1. Not having much business and marketingRead MoreThe Difference Between An Entrepreneur And A Business Owner1681 Words   |  7 PagesEvery entrepreneur was started as a small business owner. The economy was founded by numbers of small business and by time, some business owners seek a room on growth, and some are satisfied with the current condition. Today, as the phenomenon of globalisation, an interesting idea could transform itself to be a business opportunity if an entrepreneur is keen to. In fact, an entrepreneur could be a small business owner (SBO); however, not every SBO could be seen as an entrepreneur. This essay developsRead MoreContribution Of Entrepreneurs And New Zealand Business Environment Essay2679 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction The Investopedia defines the entrepreneur as a person who starts his own business by taking lot of risks. (Entrepreneur, 2014). Most of the large organisations around the world have been started by entrepreneurs. The contribution of entrepreneurs to a country’s business environment holds a high value. EY Entrepreneur of The Year Award s Director, Jon Hooper stated that â€Å"Successful entrepreneurs have an extraordinary passion, self-belief and that keeps them going when others might giveRead MoreEntrepreneurs Are Born Not Made And How The Small Start Ups Changed The Business Industries Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pagespaper are: entrepreneurs are born not made and how the small start-ups have changed the business industries. Many arguments were for and against that entrepreneurs are born with inherent highly developed business skills. Entrepreneurship is a comprehensive term that is an immensely arduous to delineate (Thurik and Carree, 2005). However, the research which was accomplished about entrepreneurs, I think that entrepreneurs are not born they are made on the stage of cultivating new business ideas intoRead MoreWomen Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: a Case Study on Boutique Business10735 Words   |  43 PagesIntroduction 1.1 Introduction: Entrepreneurs are arguably the most important actors in our economy: the creators of new wealth and new jobs, the inventors of new products and services, and the revolutionizes of society and the economy. Yet despite their centrality, little is known about entrepreneurs: what motivates them, how they emerge, why they succeed. We know even less about who becomes an entrepreneur, and why. Women are one particularly understudied group of entrepreneurs. We know very little aboutRead MoreHow Entrepreneurs Can Be Wary And Critical Of Encouraging Business Start Up?1917 Words   |  8 Pagessociety be wary and critical of encouraging business start-up? Entrepreneurs start businesses. The depiction of entrepreneurs in the media often differs to the reality of who they actually are. Most people would describe entrepreneurs as â€Å"heroes who stand alone† or someone who is â€Å"very special†, (Shane, 2009, p.40). This isn’t actually the case, as the common entrepreneur isn’t necessarily someone who starts a huge conglomerate. A typical entrepreneur is instead likely to be a white male in his

Essay An Ethnic History of Europe Since 1945 - 1311 Words

An Ethnic History of Europe Since 1945 Ethnicity, the rise of nationalism, the formation of new nation-states in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and the peaceful split of Czechoslovakia have become central topics for politics and scholarship in the 1990s. Studies on ethnic conflict, nation building, and particular ethnic and minority groups in Europe abounded throughout the last decade. However, a cohesive book that provides a systematic and general picture of minority existence so far has been missing. Panikos Panayis An Ethnic History of Europe since 1945 (published in New York, 2000) tries to fill this gap for the post-war period. As the author correctly states, so far: no single author has†¦show more content†¦The third section centering on the authors definition of ethnicity discusses the politicization of cultural differences underlying his definition of ethnicity. The last section is dedicated to the role of the state in recognition of minority existence of minorities, and bri efly describes the role of modern media in their inclusion or exclusion. The authors approach, including indigenous as well as migrant minorities, provides for a challenging intellectual comparison leaving the reader with the question of what the merits, but also the limits, of comparison are. The binding element offered by Panayi is ethnicity that sets dispersed, localized, or immigrant minorities (the three categories he uses) apart from majorities in a world of nation-states. Thus, at the outset of the book one expects to learn where the author places himself within the camps of scholars who have passionately argued from the mid-1980s on about the essence of ethnicity and nationhood. The reader is surprised from the outset that Panayi does not bother with contextualizing his concept of ethnic groups and nations within these debates. Instead we learn that ethnicity, nation, nationalism, nation state and minority each [...] have a precise meaning which have become confused by [...] over-use in the media and social science discourse (p. 3-4). However, the Show MoreRelatedNazi Crimes And The Holocaust1231 Words   |  5 PagesFrom 1941 to 1945, Jews were systematically murdered in one of the deadliest genocides in history, which was part of a broader aggregate of acts of oppression and killings of various ethnic and political groups in Europe by the Nazi regime. Every arm of Germany s bureaucracy was involved in the logistics and the carrying out of the genocide. Other victims of Nazi crimes included Romanians, Ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet POWs, communists, homosexuals, Jehovah s Witnesses and the mentally andRead MoreWhy Did Australian Officials Feel The Keep Sell? Australia During The Dp Camps Of Post War Europe?1580 Words   |  7 PagesAustralia in the DP camps of post-war Europe? â€Å"We are but 7, 000, 000 people and we hold 3, 000, 000 square miles of this earth’s surface.† In his speech to the House of Representatives on the 2nd August 1945, Calwell announced a target increase in population of two percent of population per year, approximately 70 000 through immigration, to increase population density. Various Australian officials travelled to the Displaced Persons (DP) camps in Occupied Europe to ‘recruit’ possible migrants. HoweverRead More The Paris Peace Treaties Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe Paris Peace Treaties The Paris Peace Treaties (1919-1920) IB History To the subject and passive onlooker, those meticulous organizers of the Paris Peace Treaties allowed for an unfortunate amount of flaws to enter their task of creating a treaty that could satisfy all of the nations of not only Europe but of the world as well equally. Yet one must attempt to put that passiveness behind and admit that those of the time of post World War I had truly no idea what was to come of their decisionsRead MoreWhat Was It Like To Live In The Time During The Holocaust?1247 Words   |  5 Pagesto live in the time during the holocaust? What made the holocaust so revolutionary? Nazi leader, Adolf Hitler had a masterplan to eliminate the jews in Germany, the Nazis became powerful in a way that they saw the Jews as inferior. Through 1933 till 1945, roughly more than 11 million people were murdered. During the holocaust 1/3 of all Jewish people alive were persecuted. They created transit, concentration camps to monitor the Jews during the war. The concentration camps took away the rights of theRead MoreEssay on Some of the Famous people in History1094 Words   |  5 PagesAdolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 on April 20 in Braunau Austria and died in 1945 on April 30 in Berlin Germany. Hitler died at the age of 56 and he lived in modern times. Hitler was a German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party. Hitler was at the center of Nazi Germany, World War II and the Holocaust. Hitler is known for being one of the most evil people to ever live. Hitler attended a public school in his town but he refused to follow the school’s discipline policy. HitlerRead MoreA Comprehensive Analysis of the Rwandan Genocide to the Holocaust1453 Words   |  6 PagesBeginning on April 6, 1994, Hutus began a mass slaughtering of the Tutsis in the African country of Rwanda. This mass slaughtering is labeled as genocide, the deliberate obliteration of an ethnic, racial, religious, or political group. The Rwandan genocide lasted 100 days while other countries stood idly by and watched the brutal killings continue. The hatred against the Tutsis began after the RPF invasion in October of 1990. Accusations from editorials and radio broadcasts claimed Tutsis wantedRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1540 Words   |  7 Pagesstrike the world in many different forms; from simple shootings to ethnic genocides. Although theses acts of hatred sound widespread and diverse in the cause; it is the indifference and ruthlessness that an individ ual portrays. This sort of behavior accommodates society and encourages people to accept and follow its routine and principles, such as the events that took place during the Holocaust. During the time period of 1933 to 1945, Adolf Hitler, an Austrian World War I veteran, decided to partakeRead MoreMy Maternal Grandfather Ferenc Papp1663 Words   |  7 Pagesthe largest military conflict in human history, claiming the highest number of casualties of all previous wars worldwide. The war started on September 1st 1939 and ended September 2nd 1945 with the surrender of Japan. During World War II Hungary was in alliance with the Axis power. This cooperation was in part free willed but also in part coerced. Given the fact that the small country with its ten million inhabitants is sitting in the dead smack center of Europe, it has always been a desirable spotRead MoreWorld War II Was The Second Greatest War Of The Twentieth Century860 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War II lasted from 1939-1 945, but there were a number of circumstances leading up to the beginning of World War II. It involved the majority of the nations in the world in which they formed two military alliances. Those alliances were the allies and axis. In a state of total war, World War II was the most deadly war in history. This war was caused there was a violation of the Treaty of Versailles from WWI. Then, there was the expansion of the Japanese and fascism. Another reason for the outbreakRead MoreThe Development Goals Of The United Nations1392 Words   |  6 Pages The United Nations was created after World War II, on October 24, 1945. It was created to provide an international council that would promote peace between countries. They would work together to solve international problems (History of The United Nations). It was also created to replace the League of Nations, the United Nation’s predecessor. There have been many peacekeeping missions conducted by the United Nations, suc h as interventions in Bosnia, Rwanda, Syria, and Korea. They also

Can negotiations occur without trust Free Essays

Can negotiations occur without trust BY Richer The nature of negotiation and its process constitutes a number of various factors that leads to an effective or ineffective process and outcome. One of the primary purposes of a negotiation is to come an agreement with another party by exchanging offers and to find solutions to a common issue, â€Å"whenever we cannot achieve our objectives single-heartedly’ (Thompson, 2009). Some believe that in order to conduct a negotiation, trust is an utmost important factor as negotiators depend on the information provided by the other party, on the outcomes to which the parties omit throughout the negotiation process, and on the other party to deliver the commitments (Licked, Poplin, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on Can negotiations occur without trust or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay aims to discuss whether trust is a precondition for negotiation. As such, it will attempt to reach to a deeper understanding of trust in a negotiation, before understanding how it may influence the outcome, and whether a negotiation may take place between us and the people whom we do not trust. Examples of trust and distrust within negotiations are given, before the essay will conclude with reasons why it is impossible to successfully negotiate with people whom we do not trust. Trust is commonly defined as a confident and positive expectation of the actions of another party (Lessons, Smith, 2012). Trusting gives us the assumption that the other party would meet the expectation by considering our welfare and honoring their commitment towards the agreement. Trust in negotiations, like in any other independent relationships, is characterized by dependency and vulnerability to the other party. Trust in this case, according to Lessons, implies to the positive expectation to sought common solutions to create value, integrate interests, and find mutually beneficial solutions (Lessons, Smith, 2012). This brings us to the characteristic of an integrative negotiation, which seeks to create value and achieving joint gains. In such cases, negotiators are in dependence to each or one another for the sharing or exchange of information. According to Licked and Poplin, even though a negotiator may have a certain level of doubt in the other party, he or she still has to have at least a bit of trust, otherwise, it may be impossible to accept anything the other party says at face value or reach a viable agreement (Licked, Poplin, 2013). As a result, being constantly afraid and doubtful with what is being shared would not low us to take a step further. This is further aggravated by the fact that negotiators may not be able to verify the received information. Here, trust is more about acceptance rather than further scrutiny and serves as stepping-stones to have an exchange of information during the negotiation process. Without trust, we are not able to move on further to create solutions and agreements based on the information received. As such, the negotiation is impossible to proceed further due to an absence of trust. In a negotiation, many parties tend to focus on positions, not interests. The relevance f how interests could halt a negotiation seems to interlink with the problem of having trust. If we do not trust the other party, we lack an openness to share our objectives and understand their interests in the negotiation. In an example of the story shared by (Fisher, Our, 2006), two men were in conflict in a library as one wanted the window open and the other wanted it closed. Both could not come to an agreement on how much to leave the window open. When a third party, the librarian asked why both mean wanted it closed or open, one shared that he wanted to get fresh air, but the other wanted to avoid the draft (Fisher, Our, 2006). Here, we can see how both men focused on the position, the â€Å"what†, and not each other’s interests, the â€Å"why’. As such, we can see that without understanding each other’s interest, both men came into conflict and could not negotiate on a solution. As a result, it then becomes virtually impossible to really identify or appreciate the problem that actually needs to be addressed (Fisher, Our, 2006). To build on this, trust is extremely important as it serves as a foundation for understanding each other’s interest before working on the solutions or agreements. Without trust, both parties will not seek to understand each other, and end up being fixated on their positions due to their own interests. This prevents both parties to successfully negotiate on the issue. In order to negotiate, trust is important in order to avoid retaliation due to a conflict of views and ideas. Without trust, every solution and idea will be met with suspicion and skepticism. This lack of trust not only inhibits cooperation and successful negotiation, it may also result in retaliation that causes the escalation of conflict (Coleman, et al. 2000). In addition, according to (Kramer, 1994), this may even result n paranoid cognitions in which one may feel that he or she is subject to the other party malevolence. These perceptions may then drive him or her to the point of hyper vigilance and rumination, resulting in a faulty diagnosis of the result of working with the other party (Licked, 2006). As such, conflicts would then arise, as the negotiator would increasingly focus on his or her position, and end up reluctant to come into agreement. The negotiation will then come to an impasse as both sides end up using their negative perceptions to retaliate each other, causing the conflict to escalate beyond control. As explained above, trust seems to be indispensable in order to negotiate. However, according to a writer Bonnie Change, claiming trust is necessary for all negotiation seem to be an overstatement as the significance of trust is culture and context specific (Change, 2009). In her example of how two people may conduct a negotiation without trust, she gave a scenario of negotiation with hostage- takers. A negotiator and a hostage-taker do not know each other and thus, will not have any trust between them. However, both of them may still engage in a negotiation to lay down the benefits of letting the hostage go. The negotiator’s main objective is to talk the hostage-taker into revealing information about him or herself, and find out what kind of concessions to make for the release of the hostage. The hostage-taker’s main objective is to use the hostage to obtain what he or she needs, including the escape from the crime. The succession of the negotiation in such cases are a result of the weight of the gains and losses, depending on which side has more power to influence the outcome. For example, if the hostage were to be a high profile person, the hostage-taker would have more power to negotiate through to his or her wants. Therefore, through this example, negotiations may occur even though both parties do not trust each other. According to (Choc, 2013), should there be no trust between two parties, relying on formal legal mechanisms such as preparing contracts are constructive ways to proceed with a negotiation. These formalized documents remind people of what they had agreed upon and serves as documentation, minimizing miscommunication that may occur if a deal is made based on fertilization. Creation of such agreements usually requires elaborate consequences and penalties for violating the terms of agreement (Licked, Poplin, 2013). These consequences of violation commonly includes penalties such as monetary compensations and mechanisms such as law and the police force will be brought in to become part of the system of enforcement, should any agreements be violated. With a contract to force people to keep to a certain agreement, trust is not required in order for a negotiation to occur. We meet new people everyday, and sometimes, negotiations may occur whether or not we know the person. Of course, trust is not immediately established. Rather, like impressions, our Judgments of trustworthiness can occur rapidly at the start of a stagnation. This trustworthiness may result from what the negotiator has learned about the other party’s reputation. For example, if I wanted to buy something for a shop owner for the first time, I will naturally exhibit skepticism in the shop owner and the quality of the goods. However, if I see a crowd at the shop with people snapping up the items, naturally, I would have the trust in the shop owner that the goods sold would be good. Here, we can see how the reputation of a person may easily create trust in us, towards the other party, even if we were to be meeting for the first time. In addition, many negotiations seek trust as the objective and continue to build trust throughout the negotiation process. In the example of the negotiation with a hostage taker, the negotiator and hostage-taker may have not trust between each other at the very start. However, along the way, trust is built when both sides seek to understand the concessions that they can make, in order to gain what they want. While these initial impressions may also change as a negotiation unfolds, they create a powerful frame for interpreting the other party behavior and also provide a heuristic for duding negotiators’ strategy choices (Lessons, Smith, 2012). As such, trust is important to keep a negotiation process going, and it is definitely an important factor to determine the relationship and outcome of the negotiation with the other party. As such, we cannot negotiate with people whom we do not trust. Earlier, contract binding was mentioned as a way where negotiation may occur even if there is no trust between two parties. Here, it is true that the two parties may have no personal trust in each other. However, according to Shapiro, even if there may be o personal trust, an institutional trust, also known as trust in a system, is what is present, leading to the creation of contract making (Shapiro et al. , 1992). With a trust in the legal enforcement system, it also creates a deterrence-based trust in order for a negotiation to proceed. Shapiro further added that this is a basic and ‘minimal condition’ of trust in all negotiations (Shapiro et al. , 1992). This depends on the consistency in behavior and the threat of punishment if they do not maintain their promises to a certain commitment, and violate the documented agreements. In edition, it also depends on the gains for adhering to the agreements, such as rewards. Thus, the mentioned forms of trust will still be present even if we may have no personal trust. According to (Licked, 2000), even the most complex and sophisticated formal contract cannot stipulate every detail or possible contingency about the deal. Therefore, having personal trust in the other party is still critical. Without personal trust, a negotiation would not occur. This essay aims to discuss whether it is possible to negotiate with people whom we do not trust. Trust in this case, refers to having a positive expectation of the other arty and allowing ourselves to be dependent and vulnerable to the other party. There may seem to be cases where we may not have personal trust in a person and yet will still be able to negotiate. However, as mentioned in the essay, it may seem that trust is not present, but we may have a different form of trust, an institutionalized trust and most definitely, a deterrence based trust to ensure that we do not fall victim to breaches in agreements. The essay may show that it requires trust to form only cooperative agreements. However, likewise in competitive negotiations, it can still occur as deterrence based trust will be present to ensure hat agreements are not breached. As mentioned in the essay, without trust, we will only focus on our own objectives and interests and thus, will not allow the other party to gain anything. As a result, the negotiation will only come to an impasse if agreements cannot be made. In addition, without trust, we will be suspicious and skeptical of the information that is shared with us. This causes us to develop paranoid conditions and result in a conflict instead of being able to negotiate. To conclude, it is certainly critical to have some form of trust in a negotiation. However, it s also good to have relative trust, rather than an absolute trust. Having a fair share of distrust will definitely help us draw caution to what concessions we make. Ultimately, we cannot negotiate with people we do not trust at all. Trust will enable both parties to reach a solution that is needed or accepted by both sides, when we are not able to achieve them on our own. How to cite Can negotiations occur without trust, Papers

ICT Ethical Dilemmas and Cyber Crime - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the ICT Ethical Dilemmas and Cyber Crime. Answer: Introduction This report depicts the crucial necessity of using different design thinking process tools and technologies, so that the identified issues could be minimized completely from the digital platform. For developing this particular project, at the very initial phase a problem has been identified. After the identification of the problem it is necessary to consider the potential competitors of the digital field. In order to minimize the identified issues it is very much necessary to apply proper design thinking tool and technologies. In case of ICT management and digital field, the biggest issue is the security. The identified problem After analyzing the information and communication technology trends it has been found that many security level issues and concerns are associated to it. ICT is referred to as a technology which is required for the processing if different information. Generally, ICT is the combination of use of the electronic computers, different software application, communication equipments needed to convert the retrieve, transmit and process. With the help of electronic system the information can be processed in a well manner including information transmission, capturing and conversion (Wang Lu, 2013). The communication system holds broadcasting, telecommunication and many other programs those help to distribute the system. The computer systems also include network engineering, robotics, electronics and technical support as well. In order to increase the security level of the ICT system the management must adopt proper design thinking approach. With the help of industry level security the informat ion processing will become much secured than the previous processes (Vaugh Ryan, 2015). There are different ways through which the ICT system can be affected such as virus, malware, worm, DOS etc. All of these security level threats affected the general information flow approach, In order to mitigate the issues it is very much necessary to dope proper design thinking approach (Suh et al., 2014). The ICT security level issues are as follows: Virus: Computer virus is a malware that propagates through making copy of it. As the copies inserted within the system it might corrupt all the preliminarily stored files and data as well. The computer virus is designed as an amusement or slight annoyance. However, the virus could play active roles only if the device gets started and if the devices are switched off then that time the virus cannot replicate itself (Ben-Asher Gonzalez, 2015). Virus could affect an entire system and security from the virus attack is not at all easy job. Virus has the ability to interrupt the generally data flow by simply destroying the back up as well as stored data those are stored in the data server. As the business is getting increased in according to that the number of data or information are also getting increased (Cavelty, 2014). As, management of those data are becoming much difficult thus data management techniques are inventing. In order to management those data properly it is necessary to ado pt proper data management technique or tools. Worm: Computer worms are referred to as the function that has be ability to replicate itself through copying the functionalities. The affect of the parent worm and its replicates are similar in nature. Once a file gets infected it becomes able to spread the same throughout. Social engineering is referred to as a process, through which a target system can transmit the harms (Kwon, Liu Hwang, 2013). With the vulnerability in the system takes different advantages of file transmission and information transport feature as well. Trojan: Trojan is another virus which is basically a segment of software that looks legitimate. It does not have the ability to make their replica and at the same time it cannot even infect other files also (Pan et al., 2017). With the user interaction the Trojan virus could make their replication. Again if the infected email or files are downloaded by the other users then that time the other users device can get infected in the similar way. The market competition of the technology Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is referred to as one of the latest technologies that are widely used by most of the medium to large business organizations. While analyzing the details of this advanced technology it has been found that all other technologies such as business intelligence, Big Data tool, and Information system are the biggest competitor to the system (Sommestad, Ekstedt Holm, 2013). It is easier for the data hackers to hijack data in ICT system rather than the other technologies. In order to minimize the issues associated to the security it is necessary to adopt proper design thinking tools and technologies. Further implementation of design thinking process tools and technologies used before the implementation of the launching Design thinking process is referred to as a system that combines three different overlapping spaces such as viability, feasibility and desirability. The time when three of these perspectives are identified the innovation will increase accordingly (Vaugh Ryan, 2015). With the help of the Design Thinking (DT) tool and technique, the interest of the business community will get increase. Different guidelines and Design Thinking (DT) tools are there those should be used by the managerial head for minimizing the invention level risks and issues associated to ICT system (Plattner et al., 2014). The design thinking tools are as follows: Virtualization: Virtualization is referred to as a process of visual as well virtual representation of new innovative thinking approaches to identify and execute the innovative thoughts. It is not just about the visualization but also the outline developed for the out of box thinking. With the help of this tool, the system developer will be able to design a completely out of box approach (Sou, Sandberg Johansson, 2013). This kind of advanced level thinking cannot be generated with any kind of training and development program. Proper matchup between the idea and design is little difficult but still it helps to develop an advanced model. Journey mapping: Journey mapping is similar to the experience mapping. In order to minimize the identified design or ICT level issues, it is necessary to develop a journey mapping considering the project initiation up to the project completion phase (Wang Lu, 2013). Most of the times, the consumers feel unable to articulate the objectives of the requirements those have been identified. Thus, in order to reduce the rate of error it is very much necessary to map the journey of the system developers. Value chain analysis: This is another important tool that might be used by the system developers to examine the way through which the business might interact with the value chain partners for production, marketing and new offers distributions (Vaugh Ryan, 2015). In order to create better vale for the consumers, value chain analysis model can be used by the management authority. On the other hand, the ability of the competitors (in this case hackers) intention can also be identified with the help of the value chain analysis. Mind mapping: With the help of mind mapping, different ideas like security identification, security analysis ad security development methodologies can be integrated together; The ICT system developer will be able to integrate all of these ideas properly, through the help of mind mapping (Howlett, 2014). In order to provide a key design criterion to the system developers, the mind maps are used for visualizing, structuring and classifying different creative brain formulations. Development of rapid concept: As technology is improving day by day thus according to the changing technologies the developers should consider every advanced ideas. In order to mitigate the security level issues associated to ICT management system it is necessary to consider all advanced security design approaches like encryption, firewall (Hahn et al., 2013). If proper application firewall is used then, none of the unauthorized user will be able to access data from ICT server. Assumption of testing: In order to attract new customers advanced business ideas and experimental resultants should be considered. After the identification of the information the accurate attractive idea should be figure out. Rapid prototyping: In order to abstract new ideas with tangible and potential ideas it is necessary to make rapid prototyping (Cavelty, 2014). Prototype is nothing but a blueprint of the system. Considering the changing requirements and feedback from the security developers the prototype should be developed iteratively. Co-creation with consumers: With the help of this particular tool the managers will be able to attract more number of consumers and also will be able to keep them engaged to the ICT system. Learning launches: With this design tool the key underlying value generating assumptions of possible growth initiatives can be implemented in the market (Sommestad, Ekstedt Holm, 2013). From previous learning and experiences the developers will be able to invent advanced learning approach. Storytelling: Rather than just identifying or focusing on the main issues a complete story is needed to be formulized accurately. With proper security level technologies the ICT issues can be minimized or even resoled completely. Launch plan The security services should be available to all the influencers Brief analysis of the ICT management system Big bang release should not be expected Release rolling Involvement with the business partners Elimination of the elements of launch those are not helpful for the security development Resource plan Understanding the current situation of ICT related issues Development of strategic objectives for ICT security development Developing line of action Long term plan In order to develop long term success plan it is necessary to adopt advanced cyber security programs that is integrated into the business process, production as well (Plattner et al., 2014. The particular aspects on which, the ICT security developers should concentrate on different success measures and elements as well. Recommendation Technical training and development: In order to identify and reduce the ICT issues proper training and development programs are needed to be arranged by the higher management authority. Encryption: In order to keep the data confidentiality encryption and decryption keys are needed to be adopted so that the unauthorized users could not access data from the server. Firewall: Application firewall is another security tool that should be used to maintain the information security. Time frame or schedule develop for mitigating the ICT managerial level issues Task Name Duration Start Finish Timeframe development 48 days Mon 9/18/17 Wed 11/22/17 Project initiation 19 days Mon 9/18/17 Thu 10/12/17 Detail understanding of ICT ethical dilemmas and cyber security 4 days Mon 9/18/17 Thu 9/21/17 Identification of ICT related risks 4 days Fri 9/22/17 Wed 9/27/17 Assessment of the risks 5 days Thu 9/28/17 Wed 10/4/17 Feasibility study 4 days Thu 10/5/17 Tue 10/10/17 risk management plan development 2 days Wed 10/11/17 Thu 10/12/17 Project planning 15 days Fri 10/13/17 Thu 11/2/17 Literature review on design thinking process ad tools 3 days Fri 10/13/17 Tue 10/17/17 Identification of 10 different tools 3 days Wed 10/18/17 Fri 10/20/17 Detail analysis of the tools 3 days Mon 10/23/17 Wed 10/25/17 Selection of the most suitable tool 3 days Thu 10/26/17 Mon 10/30/17 Relate those tools to ICT security 3 days Tue 10/31/17 Thu 11/2/17 Project execution 8 days Fri 11/3/17 Tue 11/14/17 Identification market competitors 2 days Fri 11/3/17 Mon 11/6/17 Launch plan 2 days Tue 11/7/17 Wed 11/8/17 Resource plan 2 days Thu 11/9/17 Fri 11/10/17 Long term plan 2 days Mon 11/13/17 Tue 11/14/17 project closure 6 days Wed 11/15/17 Wed 11/22/17 Post project evaluation 2 days Wed 11/15/17 Thu 11/16/17 stakeholder signoff 2 days Fri 11/17/17 Mon 11/20/17 final project documentation 2 days Tue 11/21/17 Wed 11/22/17 Figure 1: Timeframe for the Design thinking process (Source: created by author) Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that in order to minimize the rate security level issues, at the initial phase it is very much necessary to identify the issued and after the identification of the issue that should be analyzed by the system developers and after the detail analysis, standard of computer ethics should be considered. It has been found that, for the nominated business the security is not appropriate. Thus proper tools and technologies are required to be utilized by the management authority. Based on the type of the issue, proper tool ought to be used. In order to turn creativity and data into appreciable growth it is very much necessary to use proper design thinking tool. Those are implemented and discussed in this paper. References Ben-Asher, N., Gonzalez, C. (2015). Effects of cyber security knowledge on attack detection.Computers in Human Behavior,48, 51-61. Cavelty, M. D. (2014). Breaking the cyber-security dilemma: Aligning security needs and removing vulnerabilities.Science and Engineering Ethics,20(3), 701-715. Hahn, A., Ashok, A., Sridhar, S., Govindarasu, M. (2013). Cyber-physical security testbeds: Architecture, application, and evaluation for smart grid.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,4(2), 847-855. Howlett, M. (2014). From the oldto the newpolicy design: design thinking beyond markets and collaborative governance.Policy Sciences,47(3), 187-207. Kwon, C., Liu, W., Hwang, I. (2013, June). Security analysis for cyber-physical systems against stealthy deception attacks. InAmerican Control Conference (ACC), 2013(pp. 3344-3349). IEEE. Leifer, L. J., Steinert, M. (2014). Dancing with ambiguity: Causality behavior, design thinking, and triple-loop-learning. InManagement of the Fuzzy front end of innovation(pp. 141-158). Springer International Publishing. Leifer, L. J., Steinert, M. (2014). Dancing with ambiguity: Causality behavior, design thinking, and triple-loop-learning. InManagement of the Fuzzy front end of innovation(pp. 141-158). Springer International Publishing. Liedtka, J. (2015). Perspective: Linking design thinking with innovation outcomes through cognitive bias reduction.Journal of Product Innovation Management,32(6), 925-938. Pan, K., Teixeira, A., Lpez, C., Palensky, P. (2017). Co-simulation for Cyber Security Analysis: Data Attacks against Energy Management System.arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.08322. Plattner, H., Meinel, C., Leifer, L. (Eds.). (2014).Design Thinking Research: Building Innovators. Springer. Sommestad, T., Ekstedt, M., Holm, H. (2013). The cyber security modeling language: A tool for assessing the vulnerability of enterprise system architectures.IEEE Systems Journal,7(3), 363-373. Sou, K. C., Sandberg, H., Johansson, K. H. (2013). On the exact solution to a smart grid cyber-security analysis problem.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,4(2), 856-865. Suh, J., Peixoto, N., Seshaiyer, P., Lee, K. H., Suh, D., Jung, Y. (2014, June). Using Design Thinking Tools to Promote Innovation in Engineering Students. InInternational Conference on Engineering Education (ICEE 2014), Riga, Latvia. Vaugh, T., Ryan, M. (2015). Getting the right design or getting the design right: an observation of 18 industry projects progressing through a structured design thinking process. Von Solms, R., Van Niekerk, J. (2013). From information security to cyber security.computers security,38, 97-102. Wang, W., Lu, Z. (2013). Cyber security in the Smart Grid: Survey and challenges.Computer Networks,57(5), 1344-1371.