The Importance of Democratic Elections essays

The Importance of Democratic Elections articles The legitimacy of vote based decisions in a nation depends, to a lot, on the familiarity with basic man. The more data accessible to the normal man, the more he (she) will in general become a voter and play his (hers) job that is indispensable to the appointive procedure. Recognizing the source(s) that gives this data to a planned voter is, in this manner, critical. There are two primary possibility for this wellspring of data: relational correspondence and mass correspondence. In this examination, we will utilize the 2002 national decisions held in Pakistan as an utilization case. We will probably recognize the wellsprings of data that assumed a significant job in pushing imminent voters to decide on the political race day. Specifically, we might want to finish up what jobs relational, and mass correspondence played. All the more explicitly, we would endeavor to dissect the jobs played by the broad communications: TV, radio, and papers. The individual jobs played by these various types of media may influence various classes of voters. It is critical to discover which one of these types of media assumed the most huge job in helping voters structure their suppositions. It is likewise critical to discover how these sources influence a voter's choice. Wrong or misconstrued portrayal of data by broad communications can bring about a significant class of voters being deceived into settling on a choice that influences the entire country. Our objective is discover how, in the 2002 national races in Pakistan, the various introductions of a similar data by various types of media influenced voter's choices in an unexpected way. To sum up, we would utilize the 2002 national races held in Pakistan to respond to some significant inquiries concerning the impact of media on the constituent procedure. Our first objective is to think about the impacts of various data sources-relational and mass correspondence on the information picked up by planned ... <!

Advocacy Action, Change and Commitment

Promotion Action, Change and Commitment Acquaintance Advocacy agreeing with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) setting is characterized as the utilization of endeavors that influence the political atmosphere, plan and program decisions, just as general assessments or social convictions. This setting likewise characterizes support as budgetary conclusions, network help and contribution in an issue.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Advocacy: Action, Change and Commitment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is done by means of a lot of all around structured activities brought out through a gathering of committed people or partnerships working in a presentation. It basically involves investigating nature, distinguishing the plan, characterizing accomplices, campaigning help of chiefs, creating partners and constituent structure. Promotion as indicated by UNFPA intensely relies upon broad communications, gathering and relational correspondences. The basic focuses of promotio n incorporate strategy producers, a few chiefs, profound pioneers and those overseeing access to significant assets, for example, the media (Henderson Pochin 106). Conversation Advocacy was received as a center program region by UNFPA in 1995 over different methodologies, for example, social activation, social selling, instruction, wellbeing improvement and BCC (Behavioral change correspondence). The upside of UNFPA promotion over these strategies is that UNFPA support welcomes light on ICPD precedence’s and rising concerns. Second, UNFPA promotion places into thought key issues, for example, sexual orientation cold-bloodedness and the young lady kid instruction. Also, UNFPA backing gives an efficient system to controlling assets to take care of ICPD needs. The primary contrasts between UNFPA promotion and IEC incorporate the way that while UNFPA backing targets individuals by selecting their help for the increase of other network individuals, IEC targets individuals by enlis ting them to change their practices for their own benefits. UNFPA support is in this manner coordinated towards influencing the shared approach and open field while IEC is principally coordinated towards influencing conduct that is progressively person. There are eight fundamental components of UNFPA promotion procedure. These incorporate straightforwardly characterized issues, very much arranged targets, appropriately assessed condition, perceived partners, chief messages, reasonably picked interruptions and instruments, execution plan and specific pointers for oversight and assessment (Freeley Steinberg 268).Advertising Looking for exposition on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The circumstance talked about for the arrangement of UNFPA backing plan in this paper is sexual orientation issues in conceptive prosperity. Ladies are quickly setting out toward full and equivalent association in all highlights of near by and worldwide turn of events. A portion of the key boundaries to the advancement of female sexual and conceptive prosperity are their absence of power to settle on choices at all socio-productive levels. Consenting activities are required for this situation. The readiness of a backing plan should, along these lines, endeavor to accomplish equity and justness dependent on even connections among people. It should make it feasible for ladies to perceive their full abilities. The promotion plan should make certain the improvement of ladies cooperation to economical advancement by completely including them in procedures of dynamic at all levels. Ladies ought to likewise partake in every aspect of creation, pay making exercises, science, instruction, customs and innovation. They ought to effectively partake as leaders, donors and recipients (Subedi Thapa 98). Approaches that can be taken inside an Advocacy program incorporate the association of noteworthy pioneers and boss chiefs. This work together to fortify connections that offer access to the next leaders. They build up what weights or understandings must be passed to general society. They are instruments to flexibly exact data. These pioneers additionally cause general society to comprehend the official and informal pieces of the support program. This methodology is proper in a circumstance including sexual orientation issues. Cooperating with the broad communications in order to create accord is another methodology. This includes thinking of an effort program to keep the goals of the program in the minds of the media, the general open and chiefs. This methodology is fitting in a circumstance including conceptive wellbeing. The third methodology includes building friendships, systems and associations. In promotion, figures essentially matter and setting up a system that will demonstration like a structure and execute assignments on the side of the issue is an additional favorable position to the procedure. T his methodology may now and then establish activity arranging. Significant activities may must be completed to make formal the proposed arrange. This methodology is fitting in a circumstance including populace improvement. The fourth methodology is the improvement of national capacities for promotion. This includes dreams for countries being operators of agreed social change with the goal that all the individuals in a country have characteristic incentive as partakers of a reasonable and comprehensive society. This methodology is fitting in a circumstance including sexual orientation issues.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Advocacy: Action, Change and Commitment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The last methodology includes the assembly of social orders as weight units. Down to earth networks are made. These offer indistinguishable qualities. This methodology produces the energy of the genuine world exercises by including the perspectives an d concerns explained by virtual networks. It has the capacity of assembling HR past topographical, custom and institutional obstructions. This methodology is proper in a circumstance including regenerative wellbeing (Soonaval 802). The instruments that are accessible incorporate partner assessment, influence practices and media. Influence instruments include asking, appealing, conversations, mollifications and compromises among the individuals. The utilization of media as an apparatus includes the utilization of press gatherings, reality and foundation slips, media parcels and radio and TV programs. Partner assessment as an apparatus includes the distinguishing proof and arrangement of the potential partners. This is done as such as to know their inclinations according to a specific issue. Freeley, Austin Steinberg, David. Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision. Boston, M A: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Henderson, Rick Pochin, Mikright. Backing , equity and strengthening. Bristol: Policy Press, 2001.Print Soonaval, Kavasha. Backing: Its standards and practice. Bombay: N. M. Tripathi, 1960.Print Subedi, Ram Thapa, Rosemary. Promotion techniques and approaches: a preparation of trainer’s manual on backing systems for network based associations in the Hindu Kush. Kathmandu: International Center for Integrated Mountain Development, 2005. Print

The irony of life is that it takes a life time to learn about life Essay

The incongruity of life is that it ends an actual existence time to find out about existence - Essay Example Consider the case of a specialist who puts their business before everything else, they invest or their energy working, disregard their family and most likely end up in horrendous wellbeing since they barely ever constructed chance to deal with their wellbeing. In the same way as other riches individuals with his qualities, the more extravagant he gets the more self-entered he becomes (Grewal 1). Thirty years down the line, a similar individual, is mulling over his tremendous business domain from his deathbed with nobody to visit him expect those keen on acquiring his riches. His basic wellbeing and poor social relations result to his being distant from everyone else in his last hours, and he understands that, the most significant thing in this life isn't how much cash you make, yet how you use it to completely change you and others to improve things. A clichã ©, however in any case, a typical good exercise that has taken him a lifetime to learn, and when he at last gets it, he has no life left in which to rehearse it. Considering this relationship and numerous comparative ones that can be drawn from life the incongruity, all things considered, turns out to be clear, stuff takes a lifetime to learn, yet that is constantly anybody

Analysis od Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and The Essay

Investigation od Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and The American Promise, a History of the US by James L. Roark - Essay Example Another universe of provincial society was made in which numerous individuals were uprooted from their local land. In the mid 1763, the British province rose as one of the majestic force in North America. Be that as it may, a portion of the British in America defied the British guideline and combined to shape their new nation known as United States. The United States as a youthful country extended to pacific and began making pressure to different countries around the globe by advancing slave exchange. The epic â€Å"Uncle Tom’s cabin† looks at the slave exchange that occurred United States. It uncovers how American individuals included themselves in the slave exchange. This is uncovered when Mr. Shelby the primary hero in the novel and a slave dealer talks about the quantity of slaves he needs to sell so as to settle his obligation. This shows slaves were viewed as products that could be found in the market unreservedly. American huge scope ranchers purchased the captiv es to work in their homesteads where they were exceptionally abused. Then again, the book â€Å"The American Promise, a History of the United states† investigates the American people’s life from a customary to present day society. It gives a record of the changes and clashes that have molded United States. This paper is a basic examination of the novel â€Å"Uncle Tom's Cabin† by Harriet Beeecher Stowe and the book â€Å"The American Promise, a History of the United states† by James L. Roark. Investigation of Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom’s Cabin is a great novel that incited the American common war in mid 1600s. It talks about the issue of the slave exchange that won in United States. What's more, it likewise uncovers the brutal conduct of the white bosses towards their slaves. The creator of the novel has a negative demeanor towards slave exchange the American culture. His fundamental concern is to show that African-American have emotions like some other individuals in the general public. This is on the grounds that, during this period, white manor ranchers saw dark individuals as corrupted human species. Furthermore, slave merchants and salespeople had no inclination for the African-American individuals. This is confirm by their practices of isolating youngsters from their moms without sentiment of the misfortune (Stowe 7). Harriet Beecher Stowe composes this novel to show that African-American individuals are ordinary people and ought to be treated with correspondence in the general public. In his composition, he moves toward the issue of the slave exchange an immovable Christian perspective. The tale portrays the tale of Uncle Tom who is the primary character. He is insightful and legit moderately aged, dark man in the American culture. The creator additionally presents Mr. Shelby a slave merchant and an ace to Uncle Tom. He has an incredible trust of Uncle Tom and permits him to do different dealings in the house. What's more, he likewise depends him to deal with a huge total of cash at whatever point he is on an excursion for work. Uncle Tom then again is faithful to his lord and wouldn't like to abuse the trust. This is prove with his demonstration of not fleeing with the cash much subsequent to getting a prime chance (Stowe 37). Uncle Tom appreciates the agreeable way of life in Mr. Shelby’s home. Because of his Christian qualities he is profoundly regarded by Mr. Shelby. This causes him to appreciate opportunity in the place of a slave dealer. Be that as it may, the defining moment of their relationship shows up when Mr. Shelby wind up in an obligation of another slave dealer known as

Getting Help With Your Term Paper

Getting Help With Your Term PaperIf you need to add a work-related section to your current term paper, you might want to consider tutoring homework term paper help. Your new assignments are likely to include a lot of homework and it can be overwhelming if you don't know what you're doing.One of the ways you can get help is to ask for it. Ask an instructor or teacher for help in preparing the paper. There are many teachers who will give you guidance on how to structure your assignment.You should also try to find resources for help. Check out the online forums and get ideas from the discussions. Also, you can find lots of information on the web about how to structure and write your papers. By getting some help from them, you'll save time and energy.You don't have to be overwhelmed by the topics that you need to learn. You just have to do the reading and do some research. With enough time and research, you can make it through your assignments.In addition to tutoring homework term paper help, you can also find online tutoring services that you can use to help you in your term paper. These online services can be invaluable in completing projects and completing essays for you.Sometimes it's good to choose one person to complete the project for you as you don't know all of the individual needs and requirements of each student. You can use tutoring services to complete the assignment for you.They will help you with many assignments and even some extra curricular activities like playing games, performing arts, sports, or other activities. It's great for teenagers who want to try something new or something they can take part in without being asked.When you need extra help on your term paper, it's really helpful to find online tutoring services that you can use. You can get a lot of help from them in a short amount of time. Just make sure you ask your parents for their permission first.

50 Must-Read Books About Neurodiversity

50 Must-Read Books About Neurodiversity When my son was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, I turned to books. I knew about ASD from my psychology background, but that just told me the diagnostic criteria and what the “acceptable” treatments were. It didn’t tell me about the human experience of ASD, nor did it provide me with guidance or insight on parenting a child with ASD. I needed reassurance as a parent, I wanted a guidebook, a map, answers. But books about neurodiversity can only do so much. The answers, I’ve found, are by simply living day-to-day and letting my son teach me. What did help was reading anything and everything I could about neurodiversityâ€"novels, nonfiction, parenting books, psychology books, middle-grade or children’s books, YA, etc. What is neurodiversity? According to the National Symposium on Neurodiversity at Syracuse, it is “a concept where neurological differences are to be recognized and respected as any other human variation.” This can include ASD, dyslexia, ADHD, dyscalculia, Tourette syndrome, dyspraxia, and others. This is reflected in my book selection. This list includes a variety of books about neurodiversity: fiction, nonfiction, memoir, parenting, and more. It contains books for adults, teens, and children. I’ve noted with (#ownvoices) when the author is neurodivergent. Differently Wired: Raising an Exceptional Child in a Conventional World by Deborah Reber I was lucky enough to read an ARC of this, and overall, I really liked the non-pathologizing of kids with different needs. Having a child with neurodifferences can be challenging, and this is a good guide to how to reframe your expectations and parenting skills to help facilitate their growth and happiness. Uniquely Human: A Different Way of Seeing Autism by Barry M. Prizant “Autism therapy typically focuses on ridding individuals of “autistic” symptoms such as difficulties interacting socially, problems in communicating, sensory challenges, and repetitive behavior patterns. Now Dr. Barry M. Prizant offers a new and compelling paradigm: the most successful approaches to autism don’t aim at fixing a person by eliminating symptoms, but rather seeking to understand the individual’s experience and what underlies the behavior.” This was one of the first books I read when I suspected my son was neurodivergent, and I really appreciated the idea of NOT changing my son’s behaviors. All the Weight of Our Dreams: On Living Racialized Autism by Lydia Brown, E. Ashkenazy, Morenike Giwa Onaiwu (#ownvoices) “Delve into poetry, essays, short fiction, photography, paintings, and drawings in the first-ever anthology entirely by autistic people of color, featuring 61 writers and artists from seven countries. The work here represents the lives, politics, and artistic expressions of Black, Brown, Latinx, Indigenous, Mixed-Race, and other racialized and people of color from many autistic communities, often speaking out sharply on issues of marginality, intersectionality, and liberation.” Thinking in Pictures, Expanded Edition: My Life with Autism by Temple Grandin (#ownvoices) “In this unprecedented book, Grandin delivers a report from the country of autism. Writing from the dual perspectives of a scientist and an autistic person, she tells us how that country is experienced by its inhabitants and how she managed to breach its boundaries to function in the outside world.” Driven to Distraction: Recognizing and Coping with Attention Deficit Disorder from Childhood Through Adulthood by Edward Hallowell and John Ratey “Through vivid stories and case histories of patientsâ€"both adults and childrenâ€"Hallowell and Ratey explore the varied forms ADHD takes, from hyperactivity to daydreaming. They dispel common myths, offer helpful coping tools, and give a thorough accounting of all treatment options as well as tips for dealing with a diagnosed child, partner, or family member. But most importantly, they focus on the positives that can come with this “disorder”â€"including high energy, intuitiveness, creativity, and enthusiasm.” Look Me in the Eye: My Life with Asperger’s by John Elder Robison (#ownvoices) “Ever since he was young, John Robison longed to connect with other people, but by the time he was a teenager, his odd habitsâ€"an inclination to blurt out non sequiturs, avoid eye contact, dismantle radios, and dig five-foot holes (and stick his younger brother, Augusten Burroughs, in them)â€"had earned him the label “social deviant.” It was not until he was forty that he was diagnosed with a form of autism called Asperger’s syndrome. That understanding transformed the way he saw himselfâ€"and the world. A born storyteller, Robison has written a moving, darkly funny memoir about a life that has taken him from developing exploding guitars for KISS to building a family of his own. It’s a strange, sly, indelible accountâ€"sometimes alien yet always deeply human.” Life, Animated: A Story of Sidekicks, Heroes, and Autism by Ron Suskind “This is the real-life story of Owen Suskind, the son of the Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ron Suskind and his wife, Cornelia. An autistic boy who couldnt speak for years, Owen memorized dozens of Disney movies, turned them into a language to express love and loss, kinship, brotherhood.The family was forced to become animated characters, communicating with him in Disney dialogue and song; until they all emerge, together, revealing how, in darkness, we all literally need stories to survive.” We’re Amazing 1,2,3! A Story About Friendship and Autism (Sesame Street) by Leslie Kimmelman and Mary Beth Nelson This is a great picture book for kids, whether they’re neurotypical or neurodivergent. Julia has autism, and the book explains what autism is in a way that’s easily understood by young children. Highly recommend this one. An Early Start for Your Child with Autism: Using Everyday Activities to Help Kids Connect, Communicate, and Learn by Sally J Rogers, Geraldine Dawson, and Laurie A. Vismara This book was recommended to me by the psychologist who diagnosed my son, and I love it. It’s one of the best books for parents that I’ve read. It doesn’t emphasize changing stereotypical behaviors, but encourages parents to build on the strengths of the child and help them understand things like functional play, connecting with others, and activities of daily living. No pathologizing, shaming, or changing. The Reason I Jump: The Inner Voice of a Thirteen-Year-Old Boy with Autism by Naoki Higashida, KA Yoshida, and David Mitchell (#ownvoices) “Using an alphabet grid to painstakingly construct words, sentences, and thoughts that he is unable to speak out loud, Naoki answers even the most delicate questions that people want to know. Questions such as: “Why do people with autism talk so loudly and weirdly?” “Why do you line up your toy cars and blocks?” “Why don’t you make eye contact when you’re talking?” and “What’s the reason you jump?” With disarming honesty and a generous heart, Naoki shares his unique point of view on not only autism but life itself.” Kids Like Us by Hilary Reyl “Martin is an American teen on the autism spectrum living in France with his mom and sister for the summer. He falls for a French girl who he thinks is a real-life incarnation of a character in his favorite book. Over time Martin comes to realize she is a real person and not a character in a novel while at the same time learning that love is not out of his reach just because he is autistic.” Helping Your Child with Language-Based Learning Disabilities: Strategies to Succeed in School Life with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, ADHD Processing Disorders by Daniel Franklin “[This book] outlines an attachment-based approach to help your child succeed based in the latest research. This research indicates that a secure attachment relationship between you and your child actually optimizes their learning ability by enhancing motivation, regulating anxiety, and triggering neuroplasticity. In this book, you’ll discover why it’s so important to accurately assess your child, find new perspectives on LBLDs based on the most current studies, and discover tips and strategies for navigating school, home life, and your child’s future. Most importantly, you’ll learn how your own special bond with your child can help spark their interest in reading, writing, and math. Every child is uniqueâ€"and every child learns in his or her own way. With this groundbreaking guide, you’ll be able to help your child thrive, in school and life.” A Girl Like Her by Talia Hibbert (#ownvoices) “After years of military service, Evan Miller wants a quiet life. The small town of Ravenswood seems perfectâ€"until he stumbles upon a vicious web of lies with his new neighbour at its centre. Ruth Kabbah is rude, awkward, andâ€"according to everyone in townâ€"bad news. Thing is, no-one will tell Evan Does she perform ritual sacrifices? Howl at the moon? Pour the milk before the tea? He has no clue. But he desperately wants to find out. Because Ruth doesn’t seem evil to him; she seems lonely. And funny, and clumsy, and secretly quite sweet, and really f*%king beautiful…The more Evan’s isolated, eccentric neighbour pushes him away, the more he wants her. Herâ€"and all her secrets.” Aspergirls: Empowering Females with Asperger Syndrome by Rudy Simone (#ownvoices) “This is a must-have handbook written by an Aspergirl for Aspergirls, young and old. Rudy Simone guides you through every aspect of both personal and professional life, from early recollections of blame, guilt, and savant skills, to friendships, romance and marriage. Employment, career, rituals and routines are also covered, along with depression, meltdowns and being misunderstood. Including the reflections of over thirty-five women diagnosed as on the spectrum, as well as some partners and parents, Rudy identifies recurring struggles and areas where Aspergirls need validation, information and advice. As they recount their stories, anecdotes, and wisdom, she highlights how differences between males and females on the spectrum are mostly a matter of perception, rejecting negative views of Aspergirls and empowering them to lead happy and fulfilled lives.” A Mango-Shaped Space by Wendy Mass “Thirteen-year-old Mia Winchell is far from ordinary: she suffers from a rare condition called synesthesia, the mingling of perceptions whereby a person can see sounds, smell colors, or taste shapes. When trouble in the school finally convinces Mia to reveal her secret, she feels like a freak; and as she embarks on an intense journey of self-discovery, her family and friends have trouble relating to her. By the time she realizes she has isolated herself from all the people who care about her, it is almost too late. Mia has to lose something very special in order to understand and appreciate her special gift in this coming-of-age novel.” Love on my Mind by Tracey Livesay “Successful PR executive Chelsea Grant is one assignment away from making partner at her firm and nothing will stand in her way. Her big break? Turn a reclusive computer genius into a media darling in time for his new product launch. He may have been dubbed the sexiest geek alive but he has no patience for the pressâ€"and it shows. Piece of cake, right? Only problem is…his company doesn’t want him to know they hired her. After a disastrous product launch two years ago, tech CEO Adam Bennett knows the success of his new device depends on the media’s support. When a twist of fate brings the beautiful PR specialist to his door, Adam hires Chelsea to help turn his image around. Their attraction is undeniable and the more time they spend together, the harder it becomes to keep things professional.” My Baby Rides the Short Bus: The Unabashedly Human Experience of raising Kids with Disabilities edited by Yantra Bertelli, Jennifer Silverman, and Sarah Talbot I recently read this and it was a breath of fresh air. Parents of children with a variety of neurological and physical disabilities and different abilities write with disarming honesty, dark humor, smart-assery, and love about the very real struggles, challenges, and beauty of everyday parenting. The Elephant in the Playroom: Ordinary Parents Write Intimately and Honestly About Raising Kids with Special Needs edited by Denise Brodey “…Brodey introduces us to a community of intrepid moms and dads who eloquently share the extraordinary highs and heartbreaking lows of parenting a child with ADD/ADHD, sensory disorders, childhood depression, autism, and physical and learning disabilities, as well as kids who fall between diagnoses. Hailing from Florida to Alaska, with kids ages three to thirty-three, the parents in this collection address everything from deciding to medicate a child to how they’ve learned to take care of  themselves, offering readers comfort, kinship, and much- needed perspective.” Odd Girl Out: My Extraordinary Autistic Life by Laura James (#ownvoices) “With a touching and searing honesty, Laura challenges everything we think we know about what it means to be autistic. Married with four children and a successful journalist, Laura examines the ways in which autism has shaped her career, her approach to motherhood, and her closest relationships. Lauras upbeat, witty writing offers new insight into the day-to-day struggles of living with autism, as her extreme attention to sensory detailâ€"a common aspect of her autismâ€"is fascinating to observe through her eyes.” The State of Grace by Rachael Lucas (#ownvoices) “Sometimes I feel like everyone else was handed a copy of the rules for life and mine got lost. Grace is autistic and has her own way of looking at the world. Shes got a horse and a best friend who understand her, and thats pretty much all she needs. But when Grace kisses Gabe and things start to change at home, the world doesnt make much sense to her any more. Suddenly everything threatens to fall apart, and its up to Grace to fix it on her own.” The Journal of Best Practices: A Memoir of Marriage, Asperger Syndrome, and One Man’s Quest to be a Better Husband by David Finch (#ownvoices) “Five years after he married Kristen, the love of his life, they learn that he has Asperger syndrome. The diagnosis explains David’s ever-growing list of quirks and compulsions, but it doesn’t make him any easier to live with. Determined to change, David sets out to understand Asperger syndrome and learn to be a better husband with an endearing yet hilarious zeal.” Marcelo in the Real World by Francisco X Stork “Marcelo Sandoval hears music that nobody else can hearâ€"part of an autism-like condition that no doctor has been able to identify. But his father has never fully believed in the music or Marcelos differences, and he challenges Marcelo to work in the mailroom of his law firm for the summer…to join the real world. There Marcelo meets Jasmine, his beautiful and surprising coworker, and Wendell, the son of another partner in the firm. He learns about competition and jealousy, anger and desire. But its a picture he finds in a file a picture of a girl with half a face that truly connects him with the real world: its suffering, its injustice, and what he can do to fight.” Asperger’s Children: The Origins of Autism in Nazi Vienna by Edith Sheffer This was a hard, hard book to read, especially considering the current fascist leanings of the government. It was ultimately worth pushing through and finishing, and there are a lot of lessons to be learned in this one. Love That Boy: What Two Presidents, Eight Road Trips, and my Son Taught me about a Parent’s Expectations by Ron Fournier “[This book] is a uniquely personal story about the causes and costs of outsized parental expectations. What we want for our childrenâ€"popularity, normalcy, achievement, geniusâ€"and what they truly needâ€"grit, empathy, characterâ€"are explored by National Journal’s Ron Fournier, who weaves his extraordinary journey to acceptance around the latest research on childhood development and stories of other loving-but-struggling parents.” The Out-of-Sync Child: Recognizing and Coping with Sensory Processing Disorder by Carol Kranowitz This was the first book recommended to me by my son’s OT, and has a wealth of information about sensory issues, developmental issues, and how to work with your child and his/her needs. Highly recommend. How to Be Human: Diary of an Autistic Girl by Florida Frenz (#ownvoices) “With powerful words and pictures Florida Frenz chronicles her journey figuring out how to read facial expressions, how to make friends, how to juggle all the social cues that make school feel like a complicated maze. Diagnosed with autism as a two-year-old, Florida is now an articulate 15-year-old whose explorations into how kids make friends, what popularity means, how to handle peer pressure will resonate with any pre-teen. For those wondering what its like inside an autistic childs head, Floridas book provides amazing insight and understanding. Reading how she learns how to be human makes us all feel a little less alien.” Rules by Cynthia Lord “Twelve-year-old Catherine just wants a normal life. Which is near impossible when you have a brother with autism and a family that revolves around his disability. Shes spent years trying to teach David the rules from a peach is not a funny-looking apple to keep your pants on in publicâ€"in order to head off Davids embarrassing behaviors. But the summer Catherine meets Jason, a surprising, new sort-of friend, and Kristi, the next-door friend shes always wished for, its her own shocking behavior that turns everything upside down and forces her to ask: What is normal?” Why Johnny Doesn’t Flap: NT is ok! By Clay Morton, Gail Morton, and Alex Merry “Johnny is different. He is never exactly on time, he cant seem to stick to a routine and he often speaks in cryptic idioms. Johnny is neurotypical, but thats OK. A picture book with a difference, [the book] turns the tables on common depictions of neurological difference by drolly revealing how people who are not on the autistic spectrum are perceived by those who are. The autistic narrators bafflement at his neurotypical friends quirks shows that normal is simply a matter of perspective.” The Power of Neurodiversity: Unleashing the Advantages of Your Differently Wired Brain by Thomas Armstrong “ADHD. dyslexia. autism. the number of illness categories listed by the American Psychiatric Association has tripled in the last fifty years. With so many people affected, it is time to revisit our perceptions on this culture of disabilities.…Thomas Armstrong illuminates a new understanding of neuropsychological disorders. He argues that if they are a part of the natural diversity of the human brain, they cannot simply be defined as illnesses. Armstrong explores the evolutionary advantages, special skills, and other positive dimensions of these conditions.” Loud Hands: Autistic People, Speaking by Julia Bascom (#ownvoices) “A collection of essays written by and for Autistic people. Spanning from the dawn of the Neurodiversity movement to the blog posts of today, Loud Hands: Autistic People, Speaking catalogues the experiences and ethos of the Autistic community and preserves both diverse personal experiences and the communitys foundational documents together side by side.” Authoring Autism: On Rhetoric and Neurological Queerness by Melanie Yergeau (#ownvoices) “Melanie Yergeau defines neurodivergence as an identityâ€"neuroqueernessâ€"rather than an impairment. Using a queer theory framework, Yergeau notes the stereotypes that deny autistic people their humanity and the chance to define themselves while also challenging cognitive studies scholarship and its reification of the neurological passivity of autistics. She also critiques early intensive behavioral interventionsâ€"which have much in common with gay conversion therapyâ€"and questions the ableist privileging of intentionality and diplomacy in rhetorical traditions. Using storying as her method, she presents an alternative view of autistic rhetoricity by foregrounding the cunning rhetorical abilities of autistics and by framing autism as a narrative condition wherein autistics are the best-equipped people to define their experience….” A List of Cages by Robin Roe “When Adam Blake lands the best elective ever in his senior year, serving as an aide to the school psychologist, he thinks hes got it made. Sure, it means a lot of sitting around, which isnt easy for a guy with ADHD, but he cant complain, since he gets to spend the period texting all his friends. Then the doctor asks him to track down the troubled freshman who keeps dodging her, and Adam discovers that the boy is Julianâ€"the foster brother he hasnt seen in five years…” Queens of Geek by Jen Wilde (#ownvoices) “Charlie likes to stand out. She’s a vlogger and actress promoting her first movie at SupaCon, and this is her chance to show fans she’s over her public breakup with co-star Reese Ryan. When internet-famous cool-girl actress Alyssa Huntington arrives as a surprise guest, it seems Charlie’s long-time crush on her isn’t as one-sided as she thought. Taylor likes to blend in. Her brain is wired differently, making her fear change. And there’s one thing in her life she knows will never change: her friendship with her best guy friend Jamieâ€"no matter how much she may secretly want it to. But when she hears about a fan contest for her favorite fandom, she starts to rethink her rules on playing it safe.” Fish in a Tree by Lynda Mullaly Hunt “Ally has been smart enough to fool a lot of smart people. Every time she lands in a new school, she is able to hide her inability to read by creating clever yet disruptive distractions.   She is afraid to ask for help; after all, how can you cure dumb? However, her newest teacher Mr. Daniels sees the bright, creative kid underneath the trouble maker. With his help, Ally learns not to be so hard on herself and that dyslexia is nothing to be ashamed of. As her confidence grows, Ally feels free to be herself and the world starts opening up with possibilities. She discovers that there’s a lot more to herâ€"and to everyoneâ€"than a label, and that great minds don’t always think alike.” Med Head: My Knock-Down, Drag-out, Drugged-Up Battle with my Brain, as told by James Patterson and Hal Friedman Hal Friedman’s son, Cory, has OCD, as well as Tourette Syndrome, depression, anxiety, and alcohol addiction. This is his story. When I was the Greatest by Jason Reynolds and Michael Frost “Ali’s got enough going on, between school and boxing and helping out at home. His best friend Noodles, though. Now there’s a dude looking for troubleâ€"and, somehow, it’s always Ali around to pick up the pieces. But, hey, a guy’s gotta look out for his boys, right? Besides, it’s all small potatoes; it’s not like anyone’s getting hurt. And then there’s Needles. Needles is Noodles’s brother. He’s got a syndrome, and gets these ticks and blurts out the wildest, craziest things. It’s cool, though: everyone on their street knows he doesn’t mean anything by it. Yeah, it’s cool…until Ali and Noodles and Needles find themselves somewhere they never expected to be…somewhere they never shouldve beenâ€"where the people aren’t so friendly, and even less forgiving.” My Thirteenth Winter: A Memoir by Samantha Abeel (#ownvoices) “Samantha Abeel couldnt tell time, remember her locker combination, or count out change at a checkout counterâ€"and she was in seventh grade. For a straight-A student like Samantha, problems like these made no sense. She dreaded school, and began having anxiety attacks. In her thirteenth winter, she found the courage to confront her problemsâ€"and was diagnosed with a learning disability. Slowly, Samanthas life began to change again. She discovered that she was stronger than shed ever thought possibleâ€"and that sometimes, when things look bleakest, hope is closer than you think.” The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon “Christopher John Francis Boone knows all the countries of the world and their capitals and every prime number up to 7,057. He relates well to animals but has no understanding of human emotions. He cannot stand to be touched. And he detests the color yellow. This improbable story of Christophers quest to investigate the suspicious death of a neighborhood dog makes for one of the most captivating, unusual, and widely heralded novels in recent years. The Real Experts: Readings for Parents of Autistic Children edited by Michelle Sutton (#ownvoices) “Who better to help us understand autistic children and their needs, than the people who have actually been autistic children? Listening to the insights and experiences shared by autistic bloggers has helped Michelle Sutton to help her two autistic children to thrive…Michelle has collected writings from a dozen autistic authors, containing “insider” wisdom on autism that has been invaluable to her family. The result is an extraordinary resource for families with autistic children, and also for educators, therapists, and other professionals.” Nerdy, Shy, and Socially Inappropriate: A User Guide to an Asperger Life by Cynthia Kim (#ownvoices) “Cynthia Kim explores all the quirkyness of living with Asperger Syndrome (ASD) in this accessible, witty and honest guide looking from an insider perspective at some of the most challenging and intractable aspects of being autistic. Her own life presents many rich examples. From being labelled nerdy and shy as an undiagnosed child to redefining herself when diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome as an adult, she describes how her perspective shifted to understanding a previously confusing world and combines this with the results of extensive research to explore the why of ASD traits. She explains how they impact on everything from self-care to holding down a job and offers typically practical and creative strategies to help manage them, including a section on the vestibular, sensory and social benefits of martial arts for people with autism.” Too Loud, Too Bright, Too Fast, Too Tight: What to do if you are Sensory Defensive in an Overstimulating World by Sharon Heller, PhD (#ownvoices) “We all know what it feels like to be irritated by loud music, accosted by lights that are too bright, or overwhelmed by a world that moves too quickly. But millions of people suffer from Sensory Defensive Disorder (SD), a common affliction in which people react to harmless stimuli not just as a distracting hindrance, but a potentially dangerous threat. Sharon Heller, PhD is not only a trained psychologist, she is sensory defensive herself. Bringing both personal and professional perspectives, Dr. Heller is the ideal person to tell the world about this problem that will only increase as technology and processed environments take over our lives.” Views from Our Shoes: Growing up with a Brother or Sister with Special Needs edited by Donald Meyer “The children whose essays are featured here range from four to eighteen and are the siblings of youngsters with a variety of special needs, including autism, cerebral palsy, developmental delays, ADD, hydrocephalus, visual and hearing impairments, Down and Tourette syndromes. Their personal tales introduce young siblings to others like them, perhaps for the first time, and allow them to compare experiences. A glossary of disabilities provides easy-to-understand definitions of many of the conditions mentioned.” Riding the Bus with my Sister by Rachel Simon “Rachel Simons sister Beth is a spirited woman who lives intensely and often joyfully. Beth, who has an intellectual disability, spends her days riding the buses in her unnamed Pennsylvania city. The drivers, a lively group, are her mentors; her fellow passengers are her community. One day, Beth asks Rachel to accompany her on the buses for an entire year. This wise, funny, deeply affecting true story is the chronicle of that remarkable time.” Mockingbird by Kathryn Erskine “Caitlin has Aspergers. The world according to her is black and white; anything in between is confusing. Before, when things got confusing, Caitlin went to her older brother, Devon, for help. But Devon was killed in a school shooting, and Caitlins dad is so distraught that he is just not helpful. Caitlin wants everything to go back to the way things were, but she doesnt know how to do that. Then she comes across the word closureâ€"and she realizes this is what she needs. And in her search for it, Caitlin discovers that the world may not be so black and white after all.” Anything But Typical by Nora Raleigh Baskin “Jason Blake is an autistic 12-year-old living in a neurotypical world. Most days its just a matter of time before something goes wrong. But Jason finds a glimmer of understanding when he comes across PhoenixBird, who posts stories to the same online site as he does. Jason can be himself when he writes and he thinks that PhoenixBirdâ€"her name is Rebeccaâ€"could be his first real friend. But as desperate as Jason is to meet her, hes terrified that if they do meet, Rebecca will only see his autism and not who Jason really is.” Rain Reign by Ann M Martin “Rose Howard is obsessed with homonyms. Shes thrilled that her own name is a homonym, and she purposely gave her dog Rain a name with two homonyms (Reign, Rein), which, according to Roses rules of homonyms, is very special. Not everyone understands Roses obsessions, her rules, and the other things that make her differentâ€"not her teachers, not other kids, and not her single father. When a storm hits their rural town, rivers overflow, the roads are flooded, and Rain goes missing. Roses father shouldnt have let Rain out. Now Rose has to find her dog, even if it means leaving her routines and safe places to search.” Mighty Jack by Ben Hatke “Jack might be the only kid in the world whos dreading summer. But hes got a good reason: summer is when his single mom takes a second job and leaves him at home to watch his autistic kid sister, Maddy. Its a lot of responsibility, and its boring, too, because Maddy doesnt talk. Ever. But then, one day at the flea market, Maddy does talkâ€"to tell Jack to trade their moms car for a box of mysterious seeds. Its the best mistake Jack has ever made.” Ido in Autismland by Ido Kedar (#ownvoices) “[This book] opens a window into non-verbal autism through dozens of short, autobiographical essays each offering new insights into autism symptoms, effective and ineffective treatments and the inner emotional life of a severely autistic boy. In his pithy essays, author Ido Kedar, a brilliant sixteen year old with autism, challenges what he believes are misconceptions in many theories that dominate autism treatment today while he simultaneously chronicles his personal growth in his struggles to overcome his limitations. The Kiss Quotient by Helen Hoang (#ownvoices) “Stella Lane thinks math is the only thing that unites the universe. She comes up with algorithms to predict customer purchasesâ€"a job that has given her more money than she knows what to do with, and way less experience in the dating department than the average thirty-year-old. It doesnt help that Stella has Aspergers and French kissing reminds her of a shark getting its teeth cleaned by pilot fish. Her conclusion: she needs lots of practiceâ€"with a professional. Which is why she hires escort Michael Phan. The Vietnamese and Swedish stunner cant afford to turn down Stellas offer, and agrees to help her check off all the boxes on her lesson planâ€"from foreplay to more-than-missionary position…Before long, Stella not only learns to appreciate his kisses, but crave all of the other things hes making her feel.” The Rosie Project by Graeme Simsion “The art of love is never a science: Meet Don Tillman, a brilliant yet socially inept professor of genetics, who’s decided it’s time he found a wife. In the orderly, evidence-based manner with which Don approaches all things, he designs the Wife Project to find his perfect partner: a sixteen-page, scientifically valid survey to filter out the drinkers, the smokers, the late arrivers. Rosie Jarman possesses all these qualities. Don easily disqualifies her as a candidate for The Wife Project (even if she is “quite intelligent for a barmaid”). But Don is intrigued by Rosie’s own quest to identify her biological father. When an unlikely relationship develops as they collaborate on The Father Project, Don is forced to confront the spontaneous whirlwind that is Rosieâ€"and the realization that, despite your best scientific efforts, you don’t find love, it finds you.” What books about neurodiversity do you recommend? Looking for more on books about neurodiversity? Check out Think Differently: A Neurodiversity Little Free Library.

Subject to His Subjects A Performative Reading of the Socially-Constructed King Arthur - Literature Essay Samples

Fourteenth and fifteenth century England saw significant social changes in the rise of the merchant class, the expiration of feudalism, competition over nobility, and in the nation’s struggle to form a cohesive national identity and security. All of this resulted in overall social and political instability that caused citizens to reevaluate and reconstruct internal identities and roles in society, particularly as the class structure in England was constantly altered. Sir Thomas Malory himself appeared to experience and internalize this fluctuation and consequential confusion over identity, evidenced by his turbulent public reputation and lifestyle. The confusion and struggle over one’s personal identity and the identity society imposes upon one was represented not only through discourse and social relations, but also through literature. In his work Le Morte D’Arthur, Malory indeed deals with such problems of identity in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and within his own self by projecting the phenomenon of constructed identity upon his main character, King Arthur. In the following essay, I argue that Arthur’s identity is a social construct inextricably linked to his kingship that must be accepted, believed, and performed by Arthur. To do this, I expand upon Judith Butler’s theories in Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. In this work, Butler claims that gender is a â€Å"constituted† or â€Å"constructed identity† that humanity feels â€Å"compelled by social sanction and taboo† to â€Å"perform in the mode of belief† (519-520). I apply and adapt Butler’s assertions to the examination of Arthur’s identity in this essay by demonstrating that his identity apart from gender similarly â€Å"suffers a certain cultural construction,† and that he too comes to believe in this constituted identity and â€Å"perform[s]† it (Butler, 520 and 523). There are several distinct events in Le Morte d’Arthur in which Arthur’s identity is as socially constructed and constrained by cultural expectations, just as Butler argues gender is, the first occurring prior even to Arthur’s conception. Arthur’s fate and identity are prophesied and predetermined by Merlin in the first book of Malory’s work, speaking as he does of â€Å"the great importance of the child† (Malory, 4) to come (Arthur). By vocalizing what his identity must be in greatness and importance, Merlin becomes the first to construct the fundamental identity of Arthur’s being. This construction becomes a social one the moment Merlin shares these expectations with Uther, and with this discourse the initial expectations of a society for Arthur to be a great and important king, albeit only the small society of two men, are espoused and provide a slim foundation for similar future constructions that fix Arthur’s identity with his â€Å"greatness† and nobility.Succeeding this, Uther’s and Igraine’s relations, otherwise known as Uther’s seducing of Igraine under the guise of her newly deceased husband, similarly establish Arthur’s identity as king. During their time together, the two literally create Arthur’s being, but by extension also construct his identity through the rules of lineage. As Uther’s only male heir, Arthur is required by law to ascend the throne, and his identity is therefore constituted by the regulations of society that coerce him into the position of king as soon as he is conceived. Butler claims that identity is often â€Å"constrained by available historical conventions† (Butler 521), and so it is with Arthur, whose identity is constrained within the title of â€Å"king† by the traditional lines of succession. Shortly after Arthur is born, the formulation of his sole identity and birthright as king persists vocally, first as Uther is on his deathbed, as Merlin asks, â€Å"Sire, shall your son Arthur be king of this realm after you with all your appurtenance?† to which the king answers in the affirmative, saying â€Å"I give him God’s blessing and mine, and bid him pray for my soul, and righteously and worshipfully that he claim the crown upon forfeiture of my blessing† (Malory, 6), and then again as Merlin proclaims to the populace of the kingdom that Jesus himself would, at Christmas, â€Å"show by some miracle who was to be the rightwise king of the realm† (Malory, 6). In the first instance, the men who initiated Arthur’s constituted identity by discussing their expectations of him continue their work, bidding Arthur to take the throne, even assuming it of him. In the second, Merlin spreads Arthur’s identity as â€Å"king† beyond the society of the two men and into the world that Arthur will most immediately required to interact with and abide by the rules of. The final case exposing the ongoing community construction of Arthur’s identity as king within the first few chapters of Le Morte d’Arthur is found in the inscription on the stone that holds Arthur’s future sword. It reads, â€Å"WHOSO PULLETH OUT THIS SWORD OF THIS STONE AND ANVIL IS RIGHTWISE BORN KING OF ALL ENGLAND† (Malory, 7). The inscription imparts a very specific and seemingly simple standard for the man who pulls out the sword; that he be king. This is in accordance with the aforementioned passages that legally and orally charge Arthur with the same standard.Thus the societal construct of Arthur’s identity is initiated, extended, and completed; from Merlin’s claims to Uther of the kingliness of Arthur, the â€Å"rightwise† and â€Å"great† king of England handpicked by divinity and destiny, the expectations of Arthur to maintain a certain identity connected to the title of â€Å"king† spread to include the entir e society that Arthur will come into contact with as he grows and attempts to define himself apart from his nobility. In these events both preceding and following Arthur’s birth, but prior to his rise to the throne, Merlin ties Arthur eternally with kingship and causes all of society to do the same, making it clear that Arthur’s future position as the King of England is â€Å"not predetermined by some manner of interior essence† (Butler, 521), but is fabricated through social interactions. Although the British know not who is to be this divine monarch, they already have expectations of him upon his arrival, working to construct his identity before he himself is even aware of his true lineage or is obliged to assume a certain role in the world. Arthur is not born king; he is made into one by the laws and constitutions of society, just as Simone de Beauvoir says that a woman is not born a woman, but becomes one (Butler, 519). Arthur’s identity follows the f ormulaic construction of gender that Butler presents in her work, saying as she does that gender is â€Å"an identity tenuously constituted in time- an identity instituted through a stylized repetition of acts† (519). In reiterating Arthur’s identity throughout the numerous aforementioned instances or â€Å"acts,† Malory constructs Arthur’s identity as king in much the same way that Butler indicates gender is constructed in society. The expectations assigned to the adolescent from before birth are finally projected on Arthur as he draws the sword from the stone; in doing so, Arthur simultaneously imposes on himself the already pre-existing identity and expectations that will forever accompany â€Å"whoso pulleth out the sword† (Malory, 7). Although prophesied and betrothed to the throne since before birth, even as God himself selects him to be king, Arthur initially struggles to accept the identity thrust upon him in this moment. Because of this uncertainty, according to Butler, Arthur’s identity is not yet â€Å"constituted.† He has not entered into â€Å"the mode of belief,† has not yet been convinced of the â€Å"compelling illusion† of his enforced identity, and hasn’t yet â€Å"performed† his identity (Butler, 519-520).He accepts his newfound role in time, but does not do so because he feels that he is the true king of Camelot or because he believes being kin g coincides with his interior essence, but because the only father he has ever known tells him explicitly, as the rest of society already has, that he is to be king; â€Å"I understand that you must be king of this land†¦ because God would have it so, for never should a man have drawn out this sword except that he were rightwise king of this land† (Malory, 8). Once again, Arthur only concedes because he is â€Å"beholden† to Sir Ector, dreading the thought of â€Å"failing† or disobeying him (Malory, 8). Arthur also tentatively accepts the weight of the kingship because of his subjects’ pleas. As soon his accomplishment is recognized, society, in due form, presumes that Arthur will accept the throne, crying, â€Å"We will have Arthur as our king. We will put him no more in delay for we see that it is God’s will that he shall be our king†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Malory, 9). Finally, Arthur buckles under the petitions of his immediate society, his subjec ts and his father, consenting to shoulder the identity of â€Å"a true king†¦ from thence forth all the days of his life† (Malory, 9). These facts, in addition to the previously discussed events that construct Arthur’s identity as king initially, are further evocative of Butler’s theory that identity is fabricated by external factors rather than by internal intuition, as well as her belief that a primary reason people comply with fabricated identities is a fear of social punishment. With all of the prior establishment of Arthur’s identity long solidified, the boy has little choice but to incur the expectations and take them upon himself after he attains the sword; as a young man, Arthur has as of yet not had the opportunity to arrive at his own conclusions about his identity, has not been allowed the time to construct it himself, to discover what his internal essence truly is. Because of this, his inexperience and youth, Arthur wholly submits to the preordained notions and identity indivisible from the kingship, making this his only identity, believing as humans are wont to do that what society tells you to be, you automatically are. Yet not only does Arthur take on the persona because of his inexperience. Butler claims that often people comply with and perform traditional gender roles and stereotypes because â€Å"those who fail to do their gender right are severely punished† with â€Å"clearly punitive consequences† (Butler, 522), and so w e can assume it is for Arthur and his identity as king, particularly since he explicitly states that he accepts the kingship because he fears the consequences of â€Å"failing† either his family or his subjects. Arthur acts in this way, as Butler says we all do with gender identity, â€Å"in obedience to an historically delimited possibility,† and â€Å"in accord with certain sanctions and proscriptions† (Butler, 522 and 525), namely the standards and expectations of Arthur’s subjects as delineated above. Although Arthur’s identity has long been constituted by society and constrained by historical circumstances, and although he has grown more accustomed to his imposed identity and adopted it at least outwardly by the time of his battle with the twelve kings, Arthur’s formation is incomplete in that the identity has not been performed repeatedly and is not wholly assimilated into Arthur’s being; for the identity to be completely realiz ed, social or cultural construction, utter individual confirmation, and performance in the identity are all necessary.In the battle that directly follows the paramount realization and tentative acceptance of Arthur of his ready-made identity, this same identity is taken in stride and performed, as Butler requires. As Arthur’s God- and society-given identity is challenged, the king clings to the identity and fights for it, as evidenced by his â€Å"great deeds of arms,† and his becoming â€Å"mad as a lion† (Malory, 18) with effort to defend his title against the kings who question him; the more pressing the battle becomes and the more Arthur’s position is challenged, the more he accepts it as his own and and grapples for it, finally growing into the identity he was born to wear. Through his acts on the battlefield, Arthur embraces his identity, entering into the mode of belief that completes the identity, which must be both imposed and accepted. By claiming his identity as king and even going so far as to fight for it, Arthur finally participates in the socially constitutive process of identity formation; he once again acts â€Å"in obedience to and historically delimited possibility† in accepting his identity publicly, and displays his belief in this identit y by performing it and exercising the power that comes with it in battle, reproducing and enacting his identity as a â€Å"sustained and repeated corporeal project† (Butler, 522). Much as the gender binary is â€Å"repeated† and â€Å"reexperienc[ed],† Arthur â€Å"reenact[s]† his role as it has been laid out by society (Butler, 526). As Butler argues about gender, Arthur’s kingship is only â€Å"real to the extent that it is performed† (Butler, 527). In taking the identity of king fully upon himself and performing his role on the battlefield, Arthur makes his fabricated identity real. Malory’s work thus seems to be reflective of the series of identity crises that pervaded medieval England and of Malory’s personal experiences with confusion over identity, while also being evocative of Judith Butler’s future theories on gender identity; although she emphasizes the societal constitution of gender identity and the subsequent compulsion of humanity to fulfill such identities, Butler’s arguments are easily applicable to other facets of identity, including Arthur’s identity as king, depicting as Malory does the phenomenon of social construction and the human tendency to conform to societal pressures and ideals.